TESE and PESA

What is TESE?

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) is a surgical procedure to retrieve sperm directly from the testicles. It is often used when there is a complete absence of sperm in the semen (azoospermia) or when the sperm count is extremely low.

During TESE, a small incision is made in the scrotum, and a small piece of testicular tissue is removed. Sperm cells are then extracted from this tissue under a microscope.

What is PESA?

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) is a less invasive procedure compared to TESE. It involves using a fine needle to extract sperm from the epididymis, a coiled tube located at the back of the testicle. This procedure is typically considered when sperm is present in the epididymis but not in the ejaculate.

When are TESE and PESA used?

• Obstructive azoospermia: When sperm is produced normally but cannot be transported due to a blockage.
• Non-obstructive azoospermia: When sperm production is impaired.
• Severe oligospermia: Extremely low sperm count.
• Failed conventional IVF attempts: When other methods of fertilization have been unsuccessful.

The Process

Both TESE and PESA are typically performed under short general anesthesia. The retrieved sperm can then be used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Important Considerations

While TESE and PESA offer hope for couples facing male infertility, it’s essential to understand the potential risks and limitations associated with these procedures. It’s crucial to discuss these options with a fertility specialist to determine the best course of action.